Companions, family, scholars, opponents, prophets preceding the Prophet ﷺ.
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Arabia, al-Ḥijāz, Madīnah, Makkah, battlefields, and the sacred geography of the Prophetic mission.
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Ghazawāt, Sarāyā, treaties, the Hijrah, the conquest of Makkah.
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Īmān, Tawḥīd, Amānah, Jihād, Akhlāq al-Nabī — the theological landscape.
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ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, Muṣṭalaḥ al-Ḥadīth, Isnād, Tafsīr, Qirāʾāt.
Browse all Sciences of Qurʾān & Ḥadīth →
Canonical and modern reference works cited throughout the encyclopedia.
Browse all Books & References →Every entry is densely cross-linked to companions, events, and concepts. A glimpse of the network:
Muhammad ibn Ishaq, commonly known as Ibn Isḥāq, was the earliest major compiler of the prophetic biography (sīrah) and one of the foundational figures in Islamic historiography. H...
Ismāʿīl ibn ʿUmar Ibn Kathīr (701–774 AH/1301–1373 CE) was one of the most prominent Muslim historians, Qurʾānic exegetes, and scholars of ḥadīth in the medieval Islamic world. Wid...
Muḥammad ibn Yazīd Ibn Mājah al-Qazwīnī (209–273 AH/824–887 CE) was one of the leading scholars of ḥadīth in the third century AH and the compiler of Sunan Ibn Mājah, one of the si...
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, whose full name was Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr ibn Ayyūb al-Zurʿī al-Dimashqī al-Ḥanbalī, was one of the most influential Muslim scho...
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Manīʿ al-Baṣrī al-Baghdādī, commonly known as Ibn Saʿd, was among the earliest and most influential Muslim biographical historians and compiler...
Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm Ibn Taymiyyah (661–728 AH / 1263–1328 CE) was a prominent Ḥanbalī theologian, jurist, and intellectual of the late medieval Islamic period whose writings ha...
Muḥammad Ibrāhīm Āyatī (1914–1964) was a distinguished Iranian scholar, historian, translator, and professor of Islamic studies whose writings played an important role in the devel...
Ibrāhīm ibn Āzar (AS), identified in Islamic tradition as the Prophet Abraham, occupies a central position in the Qurʾānic narrative and in the broader prophetic genealogy of the A...
Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ﷺ was the infant son of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ and Māriyah al-Qibṭiyyah. His brief life occupies a poignant place in the sīrah literature, symbolizing both the...
Idārat al-Azmāt al-Nabawiyyah denotes the Prophetic model of managing crises through spiritual guidance, strategic planning, ethical leadership, and communal responsibility. The Ar...
Idrīs ibn Yard (AS) is one of the early prophets mentioned in the Qurʾān and is widely identified in Islamic tradition with the biblical Enoch. He occupies an important place in I...
Muḥammad Idrīs Kāndhlawī was a prominent twentieth-century Indian subcontinental scholar, exegete, ḥadīth specialist, and sīrah writer associated with the Deoband scholarly traditi...
The Ifk (al-ifk, “the great falsehood” or “calumny”) refers to the well-known incident in which ʿĀʾishah bint Abī Bakr, wife of the Prophet Muḥammad (SAW), was falsely accused of i...
Ignaz Goldziher (1267–1340/1850–1921) was a Hungarian orientalist, philologist, and historian of Islam whose scholarship profoundly influenced modern Western studies of ḥadīth, sīr...
Iḥsān, commonly translated as excellence, beneficence, goodness, or spiritual perfection, is one of the most profound ethical and spiritual concepts in Islam. Derived from the Arab...
Ijtihād refers to the exertion of intellectual effort by a qualified scholar to derive legal rulings from the sources of Islamic law when no explicit text addresses a particular is...
Ilyās ibn Yāsīn (AS), identified with the biblical Elijah, is one of the prophets mentioned in the Qurʾān and is revered in Islam as a steadfast messenger who called his people to...
Īmān (faith) occupies a central position in Islamic thought and constitutes the spiritual and moral foundation of a Muslim’s relationship with Allah (SWT). In the Qurʾān and Sunnah...
The Injīl is the divine scripture revealed by Allah to Prophet ʿĪsā (AS) according to Islamic belief. The term derives from the Greek word euangelion, meaning “good news” or “gospe...
Īrān, historically known in many Western sources as Persia, is a vast region of southwestern Asia that has played a pivotal role in the political, cultural, and religious history o...
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