Companions, family, scholars, opponents, prophets preceding the Prophet ﷺ.
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Arabia, al-Ḥijāz, Madīnah, Makkah, battlefields, and the sacred geography of the Prophetic mission.
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Ghazawāt, Sarāyā, treaties, the Hijrah, the conquest of Makkah.
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Īmān, Tawḥīd, Amānah, Jihād, Akhlāq al-Nabī — the theological landscape.
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ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, Muṣṭalaḥ al-Ḥadīth, Isnād, Tafsīr, Qirāʾāt.
Browse all Sciences of Qurʾān & Ḥadīth →
Canonical and modern reference works cited throughout the encyclopedia.
Browse all Books & References →Every entry is densely cross-linked to companions, events, and concepts. A glimpse of the network:
Ḥawwāʾ (AS), identified with Eve in biblical tradition, is regarded in Islam as the first woman and the wife of Ādam (AS), the first human being and prophet. Although her name does...
In the language of the Qurʼān and the sīra, ḥijāb signifies a screen or partition, and it refers in the first place to the institution introduced by the “verse of the screen” (āyat...
The Hijrah to al-Ḥabashah (Abyssinia) was the first migration undertaken by members of the early Muslim community from Makkah to the Christian kingdom of Aksum in northeast Africa...
The Hijrah to Madīnah refers to the migration of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ and the early Muslim community from Makkah to Yathrib (later known as Madīnat al-Nabī) in 622 CE. In sīrah l...
The Ḥilf al-Fuḍūl (Pact of Virtue) was a pre-Islamic alliance formed in Makkah among several clans of Quraysh to uphold justice and support the oppressed. In sīrah literature, it i...
Ḥimāyat al-Nabī ﷺ means the Protection of Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ) from Abuse, Slander, and Mockery. In Qurʾānic discourse and sīrah literature, the protection of the Prophet’s honour...
Hind bint ʿUtbah was a prominent woman of Quraysh in pre-Islamic Makkah and the wife of Abū Sufyān ibn Ḥarb, one of the leading figures of Banū Umayyah. She is mentioned in sīrah l...
Despite the absence of battle, Badr al-Akhir carried important symbolic and strategic value. It demonstrated the Muslims’ discipline and willingness to confront their adversaries,...
Ḥubb al-Rasūl ﷺ means love for Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ as an essential component of Islamic faith and spirituality. In Qurʾānic discourse and sīrah literature, love for the Prophet ﷺ is...
Hūd ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Rabāḥ ibn al-Jārūd ibn ʿĀd (AS) was one of the prophets sent by Allah to guide the ancient tribe of ʿĀd, a powerful Arab people who inhabited the region of a...
Ḥudhayfah ibn al-Yamān (d. 36 AH/656 CE) was a companion of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ renowned in the sīrah and early Islamic tradition as the “Keeper of the Secret of the Messenger o...
Ḥuqūq al-Nabī, or the Rights of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ, is a central concept in Islam that defines the duties Muslims owe to the final Messenger of Allah. The Qurʾān and sunnah est...
The Riddah Wars (Ḥurūb al-Riddah) were a series of military and political campaigns fought during the caliphate of Abū Bakr (r. 11–13/632–634) immediately following the death of th...
Muḥammad Ḥusayn Ṭabāṭabāʾī (1903–1981), widely known as ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabāʾī, was one of the most influential Shiʿi scholars, Qurʾān commentators, philosophers, and intellectuals of...
ʻAdhāb al-qabr, “the punishment of the grave,” is the chastisement that befalls the wicked in the interval between death and the Day of Resurrection, in the state called the barzak...
Abū al-Faraj ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Jawzī (510–597/1116–1201) was a prominent Ḥanbalī scholar, historian, preacher, and muḥaddith of Baghdad whose prolific lit...
Hishām ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Sāʾib al-Kalbī (d. 204 AH/819–820 CE), commonly known as Ibn al-Kalbī, was one of the most prolific historians, genealogists, and antiquarians of the ear...
Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad al-Kinānī, known universally as Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī (773–852/1372–1449), was one of the most distinguished Muslim scholars of the Mamlūk era and a pr...
Abū Ḥātim Muḥammad ibn Ḥibbān ibn Aḥmad al-Tamīmī al-Bustī (ca. 270–354/884–965) was a prominent muḥaddith, historian, and biographer of the fourth/tenth century whose scholarship...
ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Hishām (d. 218/833) was a prominent early Muslim historian and one of the most important transmitters and editors of the earliest extant biography of the Prophet...
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