Companions, family, scholars, opponents, prophets preceding the Prophet ﷺ.
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Arabia, al-Ḥijāz, Madīnah, Makkah, battlefields, and the sacred geography of the Prophetic mission.
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Ghazawāt, Sarāyā, treaties, the Hijrah, the conquest of Makkah.
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Īmān, Tawḥīd, Amānah, Jihād, Akhlāq al-Nabī — the theological landscape.
Browse all Concepts →
ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, Muṣṭalaḥ al-Ḥadīth, Isnād, Tafsīr, Qirāʾāt.
Browse all Sciences of Qurʾān & Ḥadīth →
Canonical and modern reference works cited throughout the encyclopedia.
Browse all Books & References →Every entry is densely cross-linked to companions, events, and concepts. A glimpse of the network:
Isaac, known in Arabic as Isḥāq, is recognized in Islam as one of the noble prophets and righteous servants of Allah. He was the son of Abraham (Ibrāhīm AS) and Sarah, and the youn...
Islam is a monotheistic religion founded upon belief in the oneness of Allah (tawḥīd) and adherence to the guidance revealed through Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH), whom Muslims regard as...
Isrāfīl is one of the chief angels in Islam and is traditionally known as the angel entrusted with blowing the Trumpet (Ṣūr) to herald the end of the world and the resurrection of...
Istikhārah (lit. “seeking what is good” or “seeking the better choice”) refers to a supplicatory prayer taught by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ through which a Muslim seeks Allah’s guidan...
Istisqāʾ (lit. “seeking water” or “praying for rain”) refers to a special supplication and congregational prayer performed by Muslims during periods of drought or insufficient rain...
Obedience to Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ (Iṭāʿat al-Rasūl) constitutes one of the central foundations of Islamic belief and practice. In Islamic theology, faith in the Prophet ﷺ extends bey...
Iʿtikāf refers to the devotional practice of spiritual retreat and seclusion in a mosque for the purpose of worship, reflection, and increased devotion to Allah. It occupies an imp...
Jabal al-Rumāh, the “Mount of the Archers,” is a small hill at the southern edge of the battlefield of Uḥud, to the north of Madinah, famous in the sīra as the position upon which...
Jabal Uḥud is a large mountain rising to the north of Mad┘nah, the most prominent natural landmark of the city and the site of the second great battle of the Prophet Muḥammad’s ﷺ c...
Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr al-Anṣārī (d. ca. 78/697) was one of the most prominent companions of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ and among the leading transmitters of ḥadīth. A member of...
Jahannam, “the Fire,” commonly called al-Nār (Hell), is the abode of punishment prepared in the Hereafter for the unbelievers and the wicked, the opposite and the counterpart of th...
The term Jāhiliyyah refers to the pre-Islamic period in Arabia before the revelation of Islam to Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ in 610 CE. Commonly translated as the “Age of Ignorance,” the te...
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī (849–911 AH/1445–1505 CE) was one of the most prolific and influential Muslim scholars of the late medieval Islamic period. A distinguished authority in Qurʾ...
Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Badawī was a distinguished contemporary Muslim scholar, educator, and public intellectual born in 1938 in Egypt. He later migrated to Canada, where he became...
Jamāʿah (lit. “community,” “congregation,” or “collective body”) is a central concept in Islamic thought denoting the unity of Muslims through their shared commitment to the Qurʾān...
Janāzah refers to the Islamic funeral rites performed for a deceased Muslim, including the preparation of the body, the funeral prayer (Ṣalāt al-Janāzah), and burial. The term may...
Jannat al-Baqīʿ—often called simply al-Baqīʿ or Baqīʿ al-Gharqad, after the boxthorn (gharqad) that once grew there—is the principal cemetery of al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah, lying imm...
Jazīrat al-ʿArab (Arabia) is the vast peninsula of southwestern Asia bounded by the Red Sea, the Arabian Gulf, the Gulf of Oman, and the Arabian Sea. As the homeland of the Arab pe...
Jaʿfar ibn Abī Ṭālib (RA) was one of the earliest and most distinguished companions of Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ, renowned for his steadfast faith, eloquence, leadership, and martyrdom in...
Sayyid Jaʿfar Shahīdī (1919–2008) was a prominent Iranian scholar, historian, man of letters, and expert in Persian lexicography whose contributions significantly enriched modern s...
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