Companions, family, scholars, opponents, prophets preceding the Prophet ﷺ.
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Arabia, al-Ḥijāz, Madīnah, Makkah, battlefields, and the sacred geography of the Prophetic mission.
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Ghazawāt, Sarāyā, treaties, the Hijrah, the conquest of Makkah.
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Īmān, Tawḥīd, Amānah, Jihād, Akhlāq al-Nabī — the theological landscape.
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ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, Muṣṭalaḥ al-Ḥadīth, Isnād, Tafsīr, Qirāʾāt.
Browse all Sciences of Qurʾān & Ḥadīth →
Canonical and modern reference works cited throughout the encyclopedia.
Browse all Books & References →Every entry is densely cross-linked to companions, events, and concepts. A glimpse of the network:
A al-Ḥadīth al-Mutawātir, is a report transmitted by such a large number of narrators in every generation of the chain of transmission that it is inconceivable that they could have...
Ḥadīth Qudsī, also known as “Sacred Ḥadīth,” refers to a special category of Prophetic traditions in which the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ relates words or meanings attributed to Allah, whi...
Ṣaḥīḥ Ḥadīth, is a Prophetic tradition that fulfils the highest standards of authenticity established by Muslim scholars of ḥadīth. The term ṣaḥīḥ literally means “sound,” “authent...
Sharḥ al-Ḥadīth, refers to the explanation, interpretation, and commentary of ḥadīth texts. As the Prophetic traditions became widely transmitted and compiled, scholars recognized...
Takhrīj al-Ḥadīth, is the scholarly process of tracing a ḥadīth to its original sources and identifying the collections in which it is recorded, together with an examination of its...
Biʾr Maʿūnah refers to a location in the central Arabian Peninsula associated with a tragic event in early Islamic history in which a group of Muslim envoys were killed after being...
Ḥafṣah bint ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb was one of the Mothers of the Believers (Ummahāt al-Muʾminīn) and a wife of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ. She was the daughter of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, t...
Hājar was the wife of Prophet Ibrāhīm (AS) and the mother of Prophet Ismāʿīl. She occupies an important place in Islamic tradition, sacred history, and sīrah literature because of...
Ḥajj (pilgrimage) is one of the central acts of worship in Islam and represents the culmination of the ritual life of the Muslim community. It is a divinely mandated obligation for...
Ḥajjat al-Wadāʿ (the Farewell Pilgrimage) was the final pilgrimage performed by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ in 10 AH / 632 CE, only a few months before his passing. It represents one of...
Ḥalīmah al-Saʿdiyyah (RA) was the foster mother and wet nurse of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ and occupies an important place in sīrah literature as one of the earliest caregivers in the...
Ḥamalat al-ʿArsh, meaning “the Bearers of the Throne,” refers to the mighty angels entrusted by Allah with bearing and surrounding the Divine Throne (ʿArsh). They are among the gre...
Ḥamzah ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib was one of the most prominent Companions of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ, his paternal uncle, foster brother, and among the earliest and most courageous defen...
Harald Motzki was one of the most influential Western scholars of early Islam, ḥadīth, and sīrah in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Born in 1948 in Germany, he...
Ḥarb al-Fijār (the Battle of Fijār) refers to a series of pre-Islamic tribal conflicts that occurred in the late sixth century CE between Quraysh and their Kinānah allies on one si...
Hārūn ibn ʿImrān (AS), identified with the biblical Aaron, was one of the great prophets of Banū Isrāʾīl and the brother and close companion of Prophet Mūsā (AS). The Qurʾān presen...
Hāshim ibn ʿAbd Manāf, whose personal name was ʿAmr, was one of the most prominent ancestors of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ and among the leading chiefs of Quraysh in pre-Islamic Makkah...
Ḥassān ibn Thābit (d. ca. 54/674) was a companion of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ from the Anṣār of Madīnah, and the most celebrated of the poets who placed their art at the service of I...
Ḥāṭib ibn Abī Baltaʿa al-Laḫmī (d. c. 30 AH/650 CE) was a companion of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ, an early convert to Islam, and one of the participants in the Battle of Badr. Althoug...
Ḥawāzin was one of the most powerful tribal confederations of western and central Arabia during the pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods. Descended from Ḥawāzin ibn Manṣūr ibn ʿIk...
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