Companions, family, scholars, opponents, prophets preceding the Prophet ﷺ.
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Arabia, al-Ḥijāz, Madīnah, Makkah, battlefields, and the sacred geography of the Prophetic mission.
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Ghazawāt, Sarāyā, treaties, the Hijrah, the conquest of Makkah.
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Īmān, Tawḥīd, Amānah, Jihād, Akhlāq al-Nabī — the theological landscape.
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ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, Muṣṭalaḥ al-Ḥadīth, Isnād, Tafsīr, Qirāʾāt.
Browse all Sciences of Qurʾān & Ḥadīth →
Canonical and modern reference works cited throughout the encyclopedia.
Browse all Books & References →Every entry is densely cross-linked to companions, events, and concepts. A glimpse of the network:
Abū ʿAmr Khalīfah ibn Khayyāṭ al-ʿUṣfurī al-Baṣrī (d. 240/854–55) was one of the earliest Muslim historians, genealogists, and muḥaddithūn whose surviving works constitute a vital...
The term khaṣāʾiṣ (sing. khaṣīṣah), derived from the root kh-ṣ-ṣ denoting that which is particular or exclusive to a thing, designates in Islamic scholarship those rulings, honours...
Khatm al-Nubuwwah refers to the Islamic belief that Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ is the final prophet and messenger sent by Allah to humanity. This doctrine constitutes one of the central pr...
Khaybar was a prosperous oasis settlement located approximately 150 kilometers north of al-Madīnah in the northern Ḥijāz. Renowned for its fertile agricultural lands, abundant wate...
The Khazraj was one of the two principal Arab tribes of Yathrib (later Madīnah) and, together with the Aws (q.v.), formed the backbone of the community known in Islamic history as...
Khidr, commonly referred to as al-Khiḍr or al-Khaḍir, is a mysterious and revered figure in Islamic tradition who is associated with divine wisdom, hidden knowledge, and spiritual...
Khilāfah is the Islamic institution of leadership established after the death of Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ to preserve religion, administer justice, protect the Muslim community, and impl...
Khums, “the fifth,” is the portion of one-fifth set apart from the spoils of war and assigned by the Qurʼān to specified recipients, the remaining four-fifths going to the warriors...
Khuṭbat al-Wadāʿ refers to the final public sermon delivered by Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ during the farewell pilgrimage (ḥajjat al-wadāʿ) in 10 AH/632 CE on the plain of ʿArafāt near Mak...
Kilāb ibn Murrah was a prominent ancestor of Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ and an important figure in the genealogical history of the Quraysh tribe. He belonged to the noble lineage descendin...
Kirāman Kātibīn refers to the noble recording angels appointed by Allah to document the deeds, words, and actions of every human being. The expression derives from the Qurʾānic des...
Kisrā is the Arabic title used in Islamic sources for the rulers of the Sasanian Persian Empire. In the context of the sīrah of Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH), the title refers specifical...
Meir Jacob Kister (1914–2010), known in scholarship as M. J. Kister, was a scholar of Arabic and early Islamic history whose meticulous studies of the Jāhiliyyah and the formative...
The kuttāb al-waḥy, the “scribes of the revelation,” were those Companions of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ whom he charged with recording in writing the verses of the Qurʼān as they were...
Laylat al-Barāʾah, literally “the Night of Deliverance” or “the Night of Acquittal,” is a traditional name for the night of the fifteenth of Shaʿbān, more commonly designated Layl...
Laylat al-Qadr refers to the blessed night during which the Qurʾān was first revealed to Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ through the angel Jibrīl. It occupies a central place in Islamic spiritu...
Leone Caetani (1869–1935), Prince of Teano, was an Italian Orientalist, historian, and politician whose writings exerted a considerable influence on the modern academic study of ea...
Liwāʾ refers to the principal military banner carried by the Muslim army during the lifetime of Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ. In early Islamic military organization, the liwāʾ functioned as...
Luqman is a wise and righteous figure mentioned in the Qurʾān, particularly in Sūrat Luqmān (Qurʾān 31). Islamic tradition remembers him as a man endowed with wisdom (ḥikmah) by Al...
Lot, known in Arabic as Lūṭ, is recognized in Islam as a prophet and messenger of Allah who was sent to guide the people of Sodom and the surrounding towns. He was closely related...
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