Companions, family, scholars, opponents, prophets preceding the Prophet ﷺ.
Browse all Persons →
Arabia, al-Ḥijāz, Madīnah, Makkah, battlefields, and the sacred geography of the Prophetic mission.
Browse all Places →
Ghazawāt, Sarāyā, treaties, the Hijrah, the conquest of Makkah.
Browse all Events →
Īmān, Tawḥīd, Amānah, Jihād, Akhlāq al-Nabī — the theological landscape.
Browse all Concepts →
ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, Muṣṭalaḥ al-Ḥadīth, Isnād, Tafsīr, Qirāʾāt.
Browse all Sciences of Qurʾān & Ḥadīth →
Canonical and modern reference works cited throughout the encyclopedia.
Browse all Books & References →Every entry is densely cross-linked to companions, events, and concepts. A glimpse of the network:
Jaʿfar Subḥānī (b. 1929) is a prominent contemporary Iranian scholar, theologian, jurist, and historian whose writings have exercised considerable influence on modern Islamic studi...
Jibrīl, known in English as Angel Gabriel, occupies a central position in Islamic belief and sīrah literature as the chief angel responsible for conveying divine revelation to the...
Jihād (literally means “striving” or “struggling” in the path of Allah. In the Sharī‘ah, it refers to exerting one’s utmost effort to uphold faith, justice, righteousness, and the...
Jizyah refers to a tax levied in the Islamic state upon non-Muslim subjects (ahl al-dhimmah) in return for state protection, security, and exemption from military service. Derived...
John Edward Wansbrough (1928–2002) was an American-born historian and scholar of Islamic origins whose work profoundly influenced the modern academic study of early Islam, Qurʾānic...
John Marsden Beaumont Jones (1920–1992), commonly known as J. M. B. (Marsden) Jones, was a British Arabist and historian whose scholarship made a lasting contribution to the study...
Josef Horovitz (1874–1931) was a German Orientalist and one of the most influential early twentieth-century scholars of Islam, Arabic literature, and the life of the Prophet Muḥamm...
Joseph Schacht was a British-German scholar of Islamic law and one of the most influential figures in twentieth-century Islamic studies. Born in Ratibor, Upper Silesia (now Racibór...
Juddah (Jeddah) is a historic port city situated on the eastern coast of the Red Sea in the western Ḥijāz region of the Arabian Peninsula. Owing to its strategic location, the city...
Julius Wellhausen was a German Orientalist, historian, and biblical scholar whose work exercised a profound influence on the modern academic study of early Islam and sīrah. Althoug...
Jumuʿah, meaning “gathering” or “assembly,” refers to the congregational Friday prayer that holds a central place in Islamic religious and social life. Instituted during the lifeti...
Juwayriyyah bint al-Ḥārith was one of the wives of Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ and a respected member of the Banū al-Muṣṭaliq tribe. Born around 610 CE, she was the daughter of al-Ḥārith ib...
G. H. A. Juynboll (Gautier Hendrik Albert Juynboll, 1935–2010) was a Dutch scholar of Islam and one of the most influential Western specialists in ḥadīth studies during the late tw...
A Kāhinah was a female diviner or soothsayer in pre-Islamic Arabia who claimed access to hidden knowledge through spirits, omens, or supernatural inspiration. The term is the femin...
Kaʻb ibn Mālik (d. ca. 50/670) was a companion of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ from the Anṣār of Madīnah, numbered among the poets who defended Islam in verse and remembered above all fo...
Pīr Muḥammad Karam Shāh al-Azharī (1918–1998) was one of Pakistan’s most distinguished Islamic scholars, jurists, Qurʾān exegetes, and sīrah authors of the twentieth century. Born...
Karen Armstrong (b. 14 November 1944, Wildmoor, Worcestershire, England) is a British author, lecturer, and popular writer on comparative religion whose works on Islam and the sīra...
The Kaʿbah, located in Makkah within Masjid al-Haram, is the holiest sanctuary in Islam and the spiritual center of Muslim worship. Islamic tradition traces its origins to Prophet...
Khadīja bint Khuwaylid (d. 619 CE) was the first wife of Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ, the first believer in Islam, and one of the most honoured women in Islamic history. She belonged to the...
Khālid ibn al-Walīd (d. 642 CE) was one of the most distinguished Companions of Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ, renowned for his extraordinary military leadership and strategic brilliance. He...
Showing 321–340 of 661