Companions, family, scholars, opponents, prophets preceding the Prophet ﷺ.
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Arabia, al-Ḥijāz, Madīnah, Makkah, battlefields, and the sacred geography of the Prophetic mission.
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Ghazawāt, Sarāyā, treaties, the Hijrah, the conquest of Makkah.
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Īmān, Tawḥīd, Amānah, Jihād, Akhlāq al-Nabī — the theological landscape.
Browse all Concepts →
ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, Muṣṭalaḥ al-Ḥadīth, Isnād, Tafsīr, Qirāʾāt.
Browse all Sciences of Qurʾān & Ḥadīth →
Canonical and modern reference works cited throughout the encyclopedia.
Browse all Books & References →Every entry is densely cross-linked to companions, events, and concepts. A glimpse of the network:
Maghāzī refers to the literature and historical accounts concerning the military expeditions and campaigns of Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ during the Madinan period of his mission. The term...
Mahdī Pīshvāʾī (b. 1944) is a contemporary Iranian scholar, historian, and professor of Islamic history whose writings have made significant contributions to the study of sīrah, ea...
Mahdī Rizq Allāh Aḥmad is a contemporary Saudi scholar of ḥadīth, sīrah, and Islamic history whose research has made a significant contribution to modern studies of the life of the...
The life of Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ represents a complete model of spiritual, moral, political, and social guidance for humanity. Among the important dimensions of his prophetic mission...
Makkah is the holiest city in Islam and the birthplace of Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ. Located in the Ḥijāz region of the Arabian Peninsula, Makkah occupies a central position in the Qurʾān...
Malāʾikah, the angels, are spiritual beings created by Allah from light and constitute an essential component of Islamic belief. Faith in the angels is one of the six pillars of īm...
Mālik is the angel appointed by Allah as the chief guardian of Hell (Jahannam). His name is explicitly mentioned in the Qurʾān, where the inhabitants of Hell call upon him, saying...
Mālik ibn Anas al-Aṣbaḥī (93–179 AH/711–795 CE) was one of the most influential jurists and traditionists in Islamic history and the founder of the Mālikī school of law, one of the...
Mālik ibn ʿAwf al-Naṣrī was a prominent Arab tribal leader and military commander of the Hawāzin confederation who opposed Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ during the Battle of Ḥunayn in 8 AH/63...
Maqām al-Nabī refers to the exalted spiritual, moral, and theological station granted by Allah to Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ within Islamic belief and tradition. Although fully human and d...
Māriyah al-Qibṭiyyah was a Coptic woman from Egypt who became associated with the household of Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ during the Madinan period. She occupies an important place in sīra...
Martin Lings (1909–2005), also known by his Muslim name Abū Bakr Sirāj al-Dīn, was a British Muslim scholar, author, literary critic, and one of the most influential modern English...
Marwah is one of the two sacred hillocks located within the precincts of al-Masjid al-Ḥarām in Makkah, the other being Ṣafā. The two hills hold great religious and historical signi...
Maryam bint ʿImrān occupies an exalted position in Islam as the mother of Prophet ʿĪsā and one of the most revered women in the Qurʾān and Islamic tradition. She is the only woman...
Masjid al-Aqṣā is one of the holiest sanctuaries in Islam and occupies a central position in the Qurʾān, sunnah al-nabawiyyah, and sīrah literature. Located in Jerusalem, it is reg...
Masjid al-Ḍirār refers to a mosque established in Madīnah during the lifetime of Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ by certain hypocrites (munāfiqūn) with the intention of causing division and wea...
Masjid al-Fatḥ, also known as Masjid al-Aʿlā or Masjid al-Aḥzāb, is one of the historically significant mosques associated with the events of the Ghazwat al-Khandaq (Battle of the...
Masjid al-Ghamāmah, located near al-Masjid al-Nabawī in Madīnah, is among the most historically important mosques associated with the life of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ. The term al-Gh...
Masjid al-Ḥarām, located in Makkah, is the holiest sanctuary in Islam and the spiritual center of Muslim worship throughout the world. It surrounds the Kaʿbah, the first house esta...
Masjid al-Jumuʿah, located in Madīnah near Wādī Ranūnāʾ, is traditionally identified as the site where the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ led the first Friday congregational prayer (Ṣalāt al-J...
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