Companions, family, scholars, opponents, prophets preceding the Prophet ﷺ.
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Arabia, al-Ḥijāz, Madīnah, Makkah, battlefields, and the sacred geography of the Prophetic mission.
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Ghazawāt, Sarāyā, treaties, the Hijrah, the conquest of Makkah.
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Īmān, Tawḥīd, Amānah, Jihād, Akhlāq al-Nabī — the theological landscape.
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ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, Muṣṭalaḥ al-Ḥadīth, Isnād, Tafsīr, Qirāʾāt.
Browse all Sciences of Qurʾān & Ḥadīth →
Canonical and modern reference works cited throughout the encyclopedia.
Browse all Books & References →Every entry is densely cross-linked to companions, events, and concepts. A glimpse of the network:
Thābit ibn Qays ibn Shammās (d. 11 AH/633 CE) was a prominent companion of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ from the Khazraj tribe of Madīnah and is remembered as the foremost orator of the...
The Qurʾān addresses a wide range of theological, ethical, legal, and spiritual themes. Its central message is tawḥīd—the absolute oneness and sovereignty of God. Other major theme...
Theodor Nöldeke (1836–1930) was one of the most influential Orientalist scholars of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and a pioneering figure in the academic study of Is...
Thuwaybah was the freedwoman (mawāt) of Abū Lahab who suckled the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ in the first days of his infancy, before he was given over to Ḥalīmah al-Saʻdiyyah for nursing...
Ṭibb al-Nabawī, often translated as “Prophetic Medicine,” refers to the body of health-related teachings, practices, and recommendations attributed to Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ and preser...
Tihāmah is the narrow coastal plain that extends along the eastern shore of the Red Sea from the Gulf of ʿAqabah in the north to southern Arabia in the vicinity of Yemen. The name...
Tilman Nagel (b. 1942) is a German scholar of Islamic studies whose work on Islamic history, theology, and the life of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ has made him one of the most prominent...
Tor Andrae (1885–1947) was a Swedish historian of religions, theologian, and Orientalist whose studies of Islam and the Prophet Muḥammad exerted considerable influence on twentieth...
The tribes of Arabia occupied a central position in the social, political, economic, and cultural life of the Arabian Peninsula before and during the rise of Islam. Arabian society...
Ubayy ibn Kaʿb al-Anṣārī (RA) was one of the most distinguished companions of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ and among the foremost authorities on the Qurʾān in early Islam. Belonging to t...
The term Ulū al-ʿAzm, meaning “Possessors of Firm Resolve” or “Men of Determination,” refers in Islamic tradition to a distinguished group of prophets who demonstrated exceptional...
Umm Ayman (RA), whose given name was Barakah bint Thaʿlabah ibn ʿAmr, was an Abyssinian freedwoman who served as the nurse and foster-mother (ḥāḍinah) of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ and...
Umm Ḥakīm bint al-Ḥārith ibn Hishām was a companion of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ and one of the notable women of the Quraysh whose life bridged the period of opposition to Islam and i...
Umm Hāniʾ bint Abī Ṭālib was a cousin of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ, the daughter of Abū Ṭālib ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, and the sister of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, Jaʿfar ibn Abī Ṭālib, and ʿAq...
Umm Kulthūm bint Muḥammad ﷺ was one of the daughters of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ and Khadījah bint Khuwaylid (RA). She was born in Makkah before the beginning of prophethood and grew...
Umm Maʿbad al-Khuzāʿiyya was a woman of the tribe of Khuzāʿah who occupies a notable place in the sīrah tradition because of her encounter with the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ during the Hi...
Umm Salamah (RA), whose personal name was Hind bint Abī Umayyah al-Makhzūmiyyah, was among the most distinguished wives of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ and is revered in Islamic traditio...
The term Ummah in Islam refers to the universal community of believers united by faith in Allah and the Prophethood of Muḥammad ﷺ. Derived from the Arabic root conveying the meanin...
The title Ummahāt al-Muʾminīn (“Mothers of the Believers”) is a distinctive honor granted by the Qurʾān to the wives of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ. The Qurʾān states: “The Prophet is c...
Uri Rubin (1944–2021) was a prominent Israeli scholar of Islamic studies and professor in the Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies at Tel Aviv University. His academic work foc...
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