Companions, family, scholars, opponents, prophets preceding the Prophet ﷺ.
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Arabia, al-Ḥijāz, Madīnah, Makkah, battlefields, and the sacred geography of the Prophetic mission.
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Ghazawāt, Sarāyā, treaties, the Hijrah, the conquest of Makkah.
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Īmān, Tawḥīd, Amānah, Jihād, Akhlāq al-Nabī — the theological landscape.
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ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, Muṣṭalaḥ al-Ḥadīth, Isnād, Tafsīr, Qirāʾāt.
Browse all Sciences of Qurʾān & Ḥadīth →
Canonical and modern reference works cited throughout the encyclopedia.
Browse all Books & References →Every entry is densely cross-linked to companions, events, and concepts. A glimpse of the network:
Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān al-Dhahabī (673–748/1274–1348) was one of the most influential Muslim historians, biographers, and ḥadīth scholars of the...
al-Farāʼiḍ (the “ordained shares”) is the Islamic law of inheritance, the body of rules by which the estate of a deceased person is divided among the heirs in the fixed portions ap...
Al-Fiqh, literally meaning “understanding” or “deep comprehension,” refers in Islamic terminology to the knowledge of practical legal rulings derived from detailed evidences found...
The Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ served as the supreme jurist of the early Muslim community, whose legal authority derived directly from revelation (waḥy) and was actualized through his sunn...
Al-Ḥabashah, known in English as Abyssinia and corresponding broadly to present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea, occupies a distinguished place in the sīrah of Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH). It...
Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad (the Black Stone) is a sacred object embedded in the eastern corner of the Kaʿbah in Makkah. It occupies a central place in Islamic ritual practice and sīrah hist...
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥākim al-Naysābūrī (321–405 AH/933–1014 CE) was one of the leading scholars of ḥadīth during the fourth and fifth centuries AH and among the most promine...
Al-Ḥārith ibn Abī Shamir al-Ghassānī was the Ghassānid Arab ruler of Syria during the lifetime of Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) and a prominent client king of the Byzantine Empire. The G...
al-Ḥārith ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib was the eldest son of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim and one of the prominent members of Banū Hāshim in pre-Islamic Makkah. As the senior son of the cla...
al-Ḥijāz is the western region of the Arabian Peninsula extending along the eastern coast of the Red Sea. Its name, derived from the Arabic root ḥ-j-z (“to separate” or “to divide”...
Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) is recognized not only as the final messenger of Islam but also as a reformer who established a social order rooted in justice, compassion, and moral respon...
Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH), regarded as the final messenger in Islam, presented a comprehensive system of guidance encompassing spiritual, social, political, and economic dimensions o...
Al-Iskandariyyah (Alexandria) was one of the most important cities of the eastern Mediterranean and the principal port of Egypt. Founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BCE on the Me...
al-Jannah, “the Garden,” is the abode of eternal bliss prepared for the believers and the righteous in the Hereafter, the reward promised to those who obey God and His Messenger ﷺ...
al-Jiʿrānah is a locality situated between Makkah and al-Ṭāʾif that occupies an important place in the sīrah tradition because of its association with the aftermath of the Battle o...
The term al-Khulafāʾ al-Rāshidūn (“the Rightly Guided Caliphs”) refers to the first four successors of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ who led the Muslim community after his death: Abū Bakr...
Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī al-Maqrīzī (766–845 AH/1364–1442 CE) was one of the foremost historians of the Mamlūk period and an eminent authority on Islamic history, biography, and...
al-Mashʿar al-Ḥarām (“the Sacred Monument” or “the Sacred Sanctuary”) is the Qurʾānic designation for the sacred site within Muzdalifah where pilgrims engage in the remembrance of...
al-Miqdād ibn al-Aswad (d. 33 AH/653 CE), originally al-Miqdād ibn ʿAmr al-Kindī, was a companion of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ and one of the earliest converts to Islam. Having been a...
al-Mundhir ibn Sāwā al-Tamīmī was the ruler and governor of Bahrain during the lifetime of Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH). Bahrain in the early Islamic period referred not only to the mod...
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