Companions, family, scholars, opponents, prophets preceding the Prophet ﷺ.
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Arabia, al-Ḥijāz, Madīnah, Makkah, battlefields, and the sacred geography of the Prophetic mission.
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Ghazawāt, Sarāyā, treaties, the Hijrah, the conquest of Makkah.
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Īmān, Tawḥīd, Amānah, Jihād, Akhlāq al-Nabī — the theological landscape.
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ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, Muṣṭalaḥ al-Ḥadīth, Isnād, Tafsīr, Qirāʾāt.
Browse all Sciences of Qurʾān & Ḥadīth →
Canonical and modern reference works cited throughout the encyclopedia.
Browse all Books & References →Every entry is densely cross-linked to companions, events, and concepts. A glimpse of the network:
Aṣḥāb al-Kahf (the People of the Cave) refers to a group of believing youths mentioned in the Qurʾān (Qurʾān 18:9–26) who withdrew from a polytheistic society in order to preserve...
Ashraf ʿAlī Thānawī (1280–1362/1863–1943) was one of the most influential Muslim scholars of modern South Asia and a leading figure of the Deoband school. Educated at Dār al-ʿUlūm...
Asmāʾ al-Nabī ﷺ (the names of the Prophet) refers to the various names and titles attributed to the Prophet Muḥammad (peace be upon him) in the Qurʾān and the sunnah. These names c...
Asmāʾ bint Abī Bakr (d. ca. 73 AH/692 CE) was a prominent Companion of the Prophet Muḥammad (peace be upon him), an early convert to Islam, and the daughter of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq....
Asʿad ibn Zurārah (d. 1 AH/623 CE) was one of the earliest Anṣār to embrace Islam and among the most important figures in preparing the way for the Prophet Muḥammad’s ﷺ migration t...
The awlād, the children of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ, were seven in the prevailing account: three sons and four daughters. All of his children were born of his wife Khadījah bint Khuw...
The Aws was one of the two principal Arab tribes of Yathrib (later Madīnah) and played a central role in the rise of Islam and the formation of the first Muslim community. Together...
Ayyūb (AS), identified with the biblical Job, is revered in Islam as one of the great prophets distinguished by patience, steadfast faith, and unwavering trust in Allah during seve...
Badr is a locality situated southwest of Madīnah on the caravan route leading to Makkah and occupies a place of exceptional importance in Islamic history as the site of the first m...
Baḥīrā (also known in some sources as Sergius) is a figure mentioned in sīrah literature as a Christian monk who is said to have encountered the young Prophet Muḥammad (peace be up...
Baḥrayn was one of the most important regions of eastern Arabia during the lifetime of Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH). In early Islamic usage, the term referred not merely to the modern i...
Banū Asad was a clan of the Quraysh tribe in Makkah, tracing its lineage to Asad ibn ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā, a descendant of Quṣayy ibn Kilāb. The clan formed part of the broader Qurayshite...
The Banū Bakr ibn ʿAbd Manāt, commonly known as the Banū Bakr, was a large Arab tribal confederation of western Arabia that played a significant role in the political landscape of...
Banū Ḥanīfah was one of the largest and most influential Arab tribes of central Arabia in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods. Belonging to the Rabīʿah tribal confederation,...
Banū Hāshim was one of the most distinguished clans of the Quraysh tribe in Makkah and traced its lineage to Hāshim ibn ʿAbd Manāf, a descendant of Quṣayy ibn Kilāb, the ancestral...
Banū Isrāʾīl refers to the descendants of Prophet Yaʿqūb, who was also known as Isrāʾīl. In Islamic tradition, the term primarily denotes the community descended from Yaʿqūb throug...
Banū Jumaḥ was a clan of the Quraysh tribe in Makkah, tracing its lineage to Jumaḥ ibn ʿAmr, a descendant of Quṣayy ibn Kilāb. As part of the Quraysh tribal structure, Banū Jumaḥ o...
The Banū Khuzāʿah was an important Arab tribe of the Ḥijāz whose history is closely intertwined with that of Makkah and the rise of Islam. Traditionally traced to the Azd of southe...
Banū Makhzūm was one of the most powerful and influential clans of the Quraysh tribe in Makkah, tracing its lineage to Makhzūm ibn Yaqaẓah, a descendant of Quṣayy ibn Kilāb. As a m...
Banū Naḍīr was one of the prominent Jewish tribes residing in Madīnah (Yathrib) before and during the time of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ. Alongside Banū Qaynuqāʿ and Banū Qurayẓah, the...
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