Companions, family, scholars, opponents, prophets preceding the Prophet ﷺ.
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Arabia, al-Ḥijāz, Madīnah, Makkah, battlefields, and the sacred geography of the Prophetic mission.
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Ghazawāt, Sarāyā, treaties, the Hijrah, the conquest of Makkah.
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Īmān, Tawḥīd, Amānah, Jihād, Akhlāq al-Nabī — the theological landscape.
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ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, Muṣṭalaḥ al-Ḥadīth, Isnād, Tafsīr, Qirāʾāt.
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Canonical and modern reference works cited throughout the encyclopedia.
Browse all Books & References →Every entry is densely cross-linked to companions, events, and concepts. A glimpse of the network:
Ghazwat Buḥrān was an early Madinan expedition undertaken by the Prophet Muḥammad in Rabīʿ al-Awwal 3 AH (624/625 CE). It is recorded in the principal sīrah and maghāzī sources, in...
Ghazwat Buwāṭ is one of the early expeditions personally led by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ after the Hijrah to Madīnah. It took place in Rabīʿ al-Awwal 2 AH (September–October 623 CE)...
Ghazwat Dhāt al-Riqāʿ was an expedition led by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ during the Madinan period, generally dated by sīrah historians to the fourth or fifth year after the Hijrah (4...
Ghazwat Dhī al-ʿAmar—also referred to in some sources as Ghazwat Ghatafān or connected with the episode of Dhāt al-Riqāʿ—is an expedition led by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ in the early...
Ghazwat Dhī al-ʿUshayrah is one of the early expeditions led by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ during the second year after the Hijrah (2 AH / late 623–early 624 CE). It took place in the...
Ghazwat Dūmat al-Jandal was an expedition led by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ during the Madinan period, generally dated to the fifth year after the Hijrah (5 AH / 626 CE), although some...
Ghazwat Fatḥ Makkah refers to the peaceful entry of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ into Makkah in 8 AH/630 CE, marking a decisive moment in the sīrah and the consolidation of Islam in Arab...
Ghazwat Ḥamrāʾ al-Asad was an expedition led by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ immediately after the Battle of Uḥud in Shawwāl 3 AH (625 CE). The operation took place at Ḥamrāʾ al-Asad, a...
Ghazwat Ḥunayn was a major military engagement that took place in Shawwāl 8 AH/630 CE shortly after the Conquest of Makkah (Fatḥ Makkah). In the Sīrah, it marks a critical stage in...
Ghazwat Khaybar was a major campaign led by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ in 7 AH/628–629 CE against the oasis settlements of Khaybar, situated north of Madīnah. It occupies an important...
Ghazwat Ṣafwān, also known in the sīrah sources as Badr al-Ūlā (the First Badr Expedition), was an early military operation led by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ in 2 AH/623 CE. The expedi...
Ghazwat Tabūk was the final major expedition personally led by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ in 9 AH/630 CE and represents one of the most significant events in the closing phase of the s...
Ghazwat Uḥud was a major military engagement fought in 3 AH/625 CE between the Muslim community of Madīnah and the Quraysh of Makkah. It occupies a central place in the sīrah as on...
Ghazzah (Gaza) is an ancient town of southern Palestine, near the Mediterranean coast at the southern edge of the Syrian lands, which figures in the sīrah chiefly as a terminus of...
Gordon Darnell Newby (b. 1945) is an American scholar of Islamic studies and comparative religion whose research has contributed significantly to the academic study of early Islam,...
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