Ghazawāt, Sarāyā, treaties, the Hijrah, the conquest of Makkah.
See all 65 entries below →Ghazwat Dhī al-ʿUshayrah is one of the early expeditions led by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ during the second year after the Hijrah (2 AH / late 623–early 624 CE). It took place in the...
Ghazwat Dūmat al-Jandal was an expedition led by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ during the Madinan period, generally dated to the fifth year after the Hijrah (5 AH / 626 CE), although some...
Ghazwat Fatḥ Makkah refers to the peaceful entry of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ into Makkah in 8 AH/630 CE, marking a decisive moment in the sīrah and the consolidation of Islam in Arab...
Ghazwat Ḥunayn was a major military engagement that took place in Shawwāl 8 AH/630 CE shortly after the Conquest of Makkah (Fatḥ Makkah). In the Sīrah, it marks a critical stage in...
Ghazwat Khaybar was a major campaign led by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ in 7 AH/628–629 CE against the oasis settlements of Khaybar, situated north of Madīnah. It occupies an important...
Ghazwat Ṣafwān, also known in the sīrah sources as Badr al-Ūlā (the First Badr Expedition), was an early military operation led by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ in 2 AH/623 CE. The expedi...
Ghazwat Tabūk was the final major expedition personally led by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ in 9 AH/630 CE and represents one of the most significant events in the closing phase of the s...
Ghazwat Uḥud was a major military engagement fought in 3 AH/625 CE between the Muslim community of Madīnah and the Quraysh of Makkah. It occupies a central place in the sīrah as on...
Despite the absence of battle, Badr al-Akhir carried important symbolic and strategic value. It demonstrated the Muslims’ discipline and willingness to confront their adversaries,...
The Riddah Wars (Ḥurūb al-Riddah) were a series of military and political campaigns fought during the caliphate of Abū Bakr (r. 11–13/632–634) immediately following the death of th...
The Ifk (al-ifk, “the great falsehood” or “calumny”) refers to the well-known incident in which ʿĀʾishah bint Abī Bakr, wife of the Prophet Muḥammad (SAW), was falsely accused of i...
Khaybar was a prosperous oasis settlement located approximately 150 kilometers north of al-Madīnah in the northern Ḥijāz. Renowned for its fertile agricultural lands, abundant wate...
Patricia Crone (1945–2015) was a Danish-born historian of early Islam and one of the most influential and controversial scholars in the field of Islamic studies during the late twe...
The Sariyyah of Abū al-ʿUjāʾ was a military expedition organized by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ during the Madinan period and entrusted to Abū al-ʿUjāʾ al-Sulamī. The expedition is gene...
Sariyyat al-Bishr was one of the military expeditions dispatched by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ during the Madīnan period to maintain security around Madīnah and to monitor hostile trib...
The Sariyyah of al-Ghābah was a military expedition connected to events that occurred near al-Ghābah, a pastureland situated close to Madīnah. The expedition arose after a raid was...
Sariyyat al-Qaradah was an expedition (sariyyah) sent out by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ in the year 3 AH, some months after the Battle of Uḥud, in which a party of the Muslims under Za...
The Sariyyah of Ḍaḥḥāk ibn Sufyān al-Kalbī was a military expedition dispatched by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ during the Madinan period as part of efforts to invite Arabian tribes to I...
The Sariyyah of Dhāt al-Aṭlāḥ was a military expedition dispatched by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ during the later Madinan period as part of efforts to secure the northern frontiers of...
The Sariyyah of Dhāt ʿIrq was a military expedition dispatched by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ during the Madinan period to monitor tribal movements and maintain security along important...
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