Companions, family, scholars, opponents, prophets preceding the Prophet ﷺ.
See all 476 entries below →Ḥabīb al-Raḥmān al-Aʿẓamī was a prominent twentieth-century Indian Muslim scholar, historian, and editor whose work contributed significantly to the study of Sīrah, Islamic histori...
Ḥadīth refers to the transmitted reports concerning the sayings, actions, approvals, and personal characteristics of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ. Together with the Qurʾān, ḥadīth consti...
ʿIlm al-Rijāl, literally “the Science of Men” or “the Science of Transmitters,” is the branch of Ḥadīth studies concerned with the biographical evaluation of narrators who transmit...
Ḥadīth Āḥād, refers to a Prophetic tradition transmitted by a number of narrators insufficient to reach the level of tawātur (mass transmission). The term āḥād literally means “ind...
Asbāb al-Wurūd al-Ḥadīth, refers to the circumstances, events, questions, or situations that occasioned the statement, action, or approval of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ. Just as knowle...
A Ḍaʿīf Ḥadīth, or weak Ḥadīth, is a Prophetic tradition that does not fulfill one or more of the conditions required for acceptance as ṣaḥīḥ (authentic) or ḥasan (sound). In the s...
Faḍāʾil al-Ḥadīth, refers to the virtues, merits, and distinguished status of the Prophetic sunnah and its transmission, preservation, study, and application. As the second princip...
A Ḥasan Ḥadīth, is a Prophetic tradition that occupies an intermediate position between ṣaḥīḥ (authentic) and ḍaʿīf (weak) reports. The term ḥasan literally means “good” or “accept...
Ḥifẓ al-Ḥadīth, refers to the preservation, memorization, and safeguarding of the sayings, actions, approvals, and descriptions of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ. It constitutes one of the...
Isnād, literally meaning “support” or “attribution,” refers to the chain of transmitters through whom a Ḥadīth is conveyed from the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ to later generations. Each na...
Jamʿ wa Tadwīn al-Ḥadīth, refers to the collection, recording, and systematic compilation of the Prophetic traditions. It represents one of the most significant developments in Isl...
Jarḥ wa Taʿdīl, is the branch of ḥadīth studies concerned with evaluating the reliability and credibility of narrators. The term jarḥ refers to criticism that identifies deficienci...
Matn, literally meaning “text” or “substance,” refers to the actual wording and content of a ḥadīth, as distinct from its isnād (chain of transmission). Every ḥadīth consists of th...
Muṣṭalaḥāt al-Ḥadīth, often referred to as Muṣṭalaḥ al-Ḥadīth or ʿUlūm al-Ḥadīth, is the branch of Islamic scholarship that defines and explains the technical terminology used in t...
A al-Ḥadīth al-Mutawātir, is a report transmitted by such a large number of narrators in every generation of the chain of transmission that it is inconceivable that they could have...
Ṣaḥīḥ Ḥadīth, is a Prophetic tradition that fulfils the highest standards of authenticity established by Muslim scholars of ḥadīth. The term ṣaḥīḥ literally means “sound,” “authent...
Sharḥ al-Ḥadīth, refers to the explanation, interpretation, and commentary of ḥadīth texts. As the Prophetic traditions became widely transmitted and compiled, scholars recognized...
Takhrīj al-Ḥadīth, is the scholarly process of tracing a ḥadīth to its original sources and identifying the collections in which it is recorded, together with an examination of its...
Biʾr Maʿūnah refers to a location in the central Arabian Peninsula associated with a tragic event in early Islamic history in which a group of Muslim envoys were killed after being...
Ḥafṣah bint ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb was one of the Mothers of the Believers (Ummahāt al-Muʾminīn) and a wife of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ. She was the daughter of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, t...
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